Water Level and NPK Test of Bokashi Compost Fertilizer Results of Industrial Waste Processing Practical Work at the Mineral and Environmental Testing Laboratory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1536Keywords:
Compost, Water Content, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, PotassiumAbstract
Compost is one of the products resulting from the Industrial Waste Processing practicum in the form of solid waste. This compost goes through a composting process and becomes one of the organic fertilizers containing macro and micronutrients. Compost is produced through the biological decomposition process of organic material, which is controlled and results in humus. Moisture content is one of the key factors in the composting process, and it is essential for determining the maturity and quality of compost. Moisture content refers to the amount of water in a material or object, such as soil (also known as soil moisture), agricultural materials and products, rocks, etc. Additionally, compost fertilizer contains nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and other elements. Based on testing, the sample rice husk: TSP 3:2:2 moisture content was 40.74%, and for another rice hull: TSP 3:2:2 sample, it was 43.14%. rice hull: TSP 3:2:2 had 0.74% for nitrogen content testing, and the second sample had 0.76%. Phosphorus content testing for rice husk: TSP 3:2:2 was 0.28%, while the second sample had 0.18%. rice husk: TSP 3:2:2 had 0.53% for potassium content testing, and the second sample had 0.509%. From these test results, it can be concluded that both samples meet the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004 for compost specifications from domestic organic waste. This research is expected to provide information on the quality of the bokashi fertilizer and be a reference in developing more optimal waste processing methods.
Downloads
References
Z. Khoshsepehr, S. Alinejad, and M. Alimohammadlou, “Exploring industrial waste management challenges and smart solutions: An integrated hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 420, p. 138327, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.138327.
H. I. Abdel-Shafy and M. S. M. Mansour, “Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization,” Egypt. J. Pet., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1275–1290, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.EJPE.2018.07.003.
A. Minelgaitė and G. Liobikienė, “Waste problem in European Union and its influence on waste management behaviours,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 667, pp. 86–93, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.313.
A. A. Gull, M. Atif, T. Ahsan, and I. Derouiche, “Does waste management affect firm performance? International evidence,” Econ. Model., vol. 114, pp. 1–45, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105932.
N. Milovantseva and J. D. Saphores, “E-waste bans and U.S. households’ preferences for disposing of their e-waste,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 124, no. August, pp. 8–16, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.03.019.
Y. Wei, J. Li, D. Shi, G. Liu, Y. Zhao, and T. Shimaoka, “Environmental challenges impeding the composting of biodegradable municipal solid waste: A critical review,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 122, pp. 51–65, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2017.01.024.
K. Gondek, M. Kopeć, M. Mierzwa, M. Tabak, and M. Chmiel, “Chemical And Biological Properties Of Composts Produced From Organic Waste,” J. Elem., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 377–390, 2014, doi: 10.5601/jelem.2014.19.2.670.
B. Zhao, Y. Wang, H. Sun, and Z. Xu, “Analysis of humus formation and factors for driving the humification process during composting of different agricultural wastes,” Front. Environ. Sci., vol. 10, no. August, pp. 1–12, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.954158.
X. xia Guo, H. tao Liu, and S. biao Wu, “Humic substances developed during organic waste composting: Formation mechanisms, structural properties, and agronomic functions,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 662, pp. 501–510, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.01.137.
G. Adugna, “A review on impact of compost on soil properties, water use and crop productivity,” Acad. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. March, pp. 93–104, 2016, doi: 10.14662/ARJASR2016.010.
Ó. J. Sánchez, D. A. Ospina, and S. Montoya, “Compost supplementation with nutrients and microorganisms in composting process,” Waste Manag., vol. 69, no. 26, pp. 136–153, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.012.
S. Assefa, “The Principal Role of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Agricultural Productivity -A Review,” Agric. Res. Technol. Open Access J., vol. 22, no. 2, 2019, doi: 10.19080/artoaj.2019.22.556192.
S. Aslanzadeh, K. Kho, and I. Sitepu, “An Evaluation of the Effect of Takakura and Effective Microorganisms (EM) as Bio Activators on the Final Compost Quality,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 742, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/742/1/012017.
M. R. Martínez-Gallardo et al., “Effect of Upstream Bioactivation of Plant Residues to Accelerate the Composting Process and Improve Product Quality,” Agronomy, vol. 13, no. 6, 2023, doi: 10.3390/agronomy13061638.
E. Sutrisno, B. Zaman, I. W. Wardhana, L. Simbolon, and R. Emeline, “Is Bio-activator from Vegetables Waste are Applicable in Composting System?,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 448, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/448/1/012033.
M. K. Uddin, A. S. Jurauni, and M. P. Anwar, Basic calculations in agriculture, no. June. 2020.
N. V Hue and J. A. Silva, “Organic Soil Amendments for Sustainable Agriculture: Organic Sources of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium,” Plant Nutr. Hawaiss’s Soil Trop. Subtrop. Agric., pp. 133–144, 2000.
M. S. Ayilara, O. S. Olanrewaju, O. O. Babalola, and O. Odeyemi, “Waste management through composting: Challenges and potentials,” Sustain., vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1–23, 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12114456.
K. Shin, G. van Diepen, W. Blok, and A. H. C. van Bruggen, “Variability of Effective Micro-organisms (EM) in bokashi and soil and effects on soil-borne plant pathogens,” Crop Prot., vol. 99, pp. 168–176, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.05.025.
P. S. Lew, N. N. L. Nik Ibrahim, S. Kamarudin, N. M. Thamrin, and M. F. Misnan, “Optimization of bokashi-composting process using effective microorganisms-1 in smart composting bin,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1–15, 2021, doi: 10.3390/s21082847.
Wuryantoro, R. M. Wardhani, D. S. Martono, and S. Yahayu, “Application of Bokashi Organic and Nitrogen-Phosphorous-Potassium Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a Hydroponic System at a Green House in Madiun, Indonesia,” J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manag., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1729–1736, 2024, doi: 10.4314/jasem.v28i6.11.
S. A. Lasmini, B. Nasir, N. Hayati, and N. Edy, “Improvement of soil quality using bokashi composting and NPK fertilizer to increase shallot yield on dry land,” Aust. J. Crop Sci., vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1743–1749, 2018, doi: 10.21475/ajcs.18.12.11.p1435.
F. Nadeem٭, M. A. Hanif, M. I. Majeed, and Z. Mushtaq, “Role of macronutrients and micronutrients in the growth and development of plants and prevention of deleterious plant diseases-A comprehensive review,” Ijcbs, vol. 14, no. December 2018, pp. 1–22, 2018, [Online]. Available: www.iscientific.org/Journal.html
A. Cai et al., “Manure acts as a better fertilizer for increasing crop yields than synthetic fertilizer does by improving soil fertility,” Soil Tillage Res., vol. 189, no. February 2018, pp. 168–175, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.still.2018.12.022.
T. Fan, B. A. Stewart, W. Yong, L. Junjie, and Z. Guangye, “Long-term fertilization effects on grain yield, water-use efficiency and soil fertility in the dryland of Loess Plateau in China,” Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 313–329, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2004.09.003.
M. Jiang, C. Dong, W. Bian, W. Zhang, and Y. Wang, “Effects of different fertilization practices on maize yield, soil nutrients, soil moisture, and water use efficiency in northern China based on a meta-analysis,” Nature Publishing Group UK, 2024. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57031-z.
W. Q. Pang, R. A. Yetter, L. T. DeLuca, V. Zarko, A. Gany, and X. H. Zhang, “Boron-based composite energetic materials (B-CEMs): Preparation, combustion and applications,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 93, p. 101038, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.PECS.2022.101038.
A. Błachut et al., “Influence of fiber tension during filament winding on the mechanical properties of composite pressure vessels,” Compos. Struct., vol. 304, p. 116337, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.COMPSTRUCT.2022.116337.
S. Jung, S. H. Cho, K. H. Kim, and E. E. Kwon, “Progress in quantitative analysis of microplastics in the environment: A review,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 422, p. 130154, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.CEJ.2021.130154.
B. Qarahma, E. Vebriyanti, and D. Novia, “Effect of adding sawdust and husk ash on N, P, K and C-organic content in making goat manure compost,” AGRIVET J. Ilmu Pertan. dan Peternak., vol. 12, no. 02, pp. 160–166, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.31949/Agrivet/v12i2.11139.
V. Setiani, A. Nindyapuspa, and A. Farida, “Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Compost from Pterocarpus indicus Using Banana Hump Local Microorgansim, Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae Earthworms,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2023 (iCAST-ES 2023), Atlantis Press International BV, 2024, pp. 899–910. doi: 10.2991/978-94-6463-364-1_82.
Y. Nasution and F. Fitria, “Changes of Soil Density and Water Content at the Treatment of Compost Media and Husk Charcoal on Lettuce Plants in the Land Degradation,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 4353–4360, 2023, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.3571.
S. Saajan, R. Thakur, T. Sharma, and A. Kaur, “Effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of medicinal plants: A review paper,” Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med., vol. 07, no. 07, pp. 2771–2776, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358284287
A. Fathi, “Role of nitrogen (N) in plant growth, photosynthesis pigments, and N use efficiency: A review,” Agrisost, vol. 28, no. October, pp. 1–8, 2022.
Sulaminingsih, A. S. Ramayana, and N. Saka, “Effects of Bokashi and NPK on the Growth and Yield of Purple Eggplant Plants,” vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 7186–7191, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8564.
L. Karimuna, Halim, A. Ansi, W. O. E. Marfi, L. Samaruddin, and L. O. Hasanuddin, “Effects of Bokashi Plus Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) in Intercropped Maize and Peanut Under Sustainable Creative Agroforestry System,” Int. J. Agric., vol. 10, pp. 165–173, 2020.
M. Wang, Q. Zheng, Q. Shen, and S. Guo, “The critical role of potassium in plant stress response,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 7370–7390, 2013, doi: 10.3390/ijms14047370.
M. Hasanuzzaman et al., “Potassium: A vital regulator of plant responses and tolerance to abiotic stresses,” Agronomy, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, doi: 10.3390/agronomy8030031.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
