Journal of Chemical Process Engineering
type: channel
description: Journal of Chemical Process Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering various topics of chemical engineering related research. Journal of chemical process engineering accepts experimental, analytical, and case study articles of chemical engineering, including chemical process technology, natural resources utilization, food technology, energy technology, etc. Journal of Chemical Process Engineering has ISSN number for printed version No. 2527-4457 and ISSN number for online version No. 2655-2957. Journal of chemical process engineering is published by Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Muslim Indonesia. It is published two times a year on May and November. Journal of Chemical Process Engineering submitted manuscripts are checked using a similarity software of Turnitin to prevent plagiarism. The manuscripts are reviewed by two independent experts to assess the academic and scientific quality of the papers. The decision of acceptance or rejection of the papers is made by Journal of Chemical Process Engineering editorial board based on a recommendation from the peer-reviewers. The decision of editorial board is final.
publisher: Fakultas Teknologi Industri - Universitas Muslim Indonesia
language: en
publication name: Journal of Chemical Process Engineering
issn: 2527-4457
items: Enhancing Coal Quality through Efficient Sulfur Removal: The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Desulfurization Process
items: Performance Comparison of Static and Rotating Bioreactor for Bacterial Cellulose Production from Tofu Wastewater
items: Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Addition Method on Fenton Oxidation of Sugarcane Vinasse
items: Utilization of Carrot Peel as A Natural Dye Using the Maceration Extraction Method
items: Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Transesterification
items: Aspen Plus Simulation-based Thermodynamic Assessment of Multistage Coffee Oil Extraction from Arabica Spent Coffee Ground
items: Application of the Box-Behnken Experimental Design to Optimize Coffee Ground Oil Extraction Using the Soxhlet Method
items: Effectiveness of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Low Carbon Steel in Seawater
items: Study of The Effect of Leaching Time of Manganese Ore from Pujananting District, Barru Regency Using The Hydrometallurgical Method
items: Scale-up of Astaxanthin Production from Haematococcus pluvialis
items: Simultaneous Optimization of Oil and Resin Extraction from Nyamplung Seeds
items: Effect of Sulfur Content in Wetar Pyrite Waste on the Formation Process of Sulfuric Acid Products at AIM Project Morowali
items: Economic Evaluation of Potassium Carbonate Production to Support Fertilizer Production in Indonesia
items: The Effect of Temperature and Storage Time on the Quality of Frozen Food Nuggets
items: Bioplastics from Avocado Seed Starch : Effects of Chitosan and PVA on Mechanical Properties, Water Resistance, and Biodegradability
items: Evaluation of Electrocoagulation Process Efficiency in Laboratory Wastewater Treatment with Various Current Densities
items: Analysis of the Influence of Center tube on Cyclone Preheater Efficiency in Production Units in the Cement Industry
items: The The Effect of Seawater Use and Solution Composition on the Quality of Blackening Results
items: Linear Regression Analysis on Fluid Flow Rate in Tank Level Control
items: Water Level and NPK Test of Bokashi Compost Fertilizer Results of Industrial Waste Processing Practical Work at the Mineral and Environmental Testing Laboratory
items: Bias Testing of Mechanical Sampling System Based on Total Moisture and Ash Analysis
items: Optimisation of Biodegradable Plastic from Cassava Peel Starch with Additional Materials of Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose
items: Analysis of the Effect of Adding Jatropha Seed Shell on the Physical and Thermal Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composites
items: Optimization of Polypropylene-Based Polymer Composites Fabrication Using Manual Forming for Automotive and Energy Applications
items: The Influence of Carbonization Temperature Variations on the Quality of Durian Peel-Based Bio-briquettes
items: Analysis of Chemical Parameters of Performance of Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera) as Coagulant in Waste Water Treatment
items: Optimizing Post-Harvest Preservation of Shallots (Allium Aascalonicum L) through the Application of Co-60 Gamma Ray Irradiation Technology
items: Comparison of Paper Waste Hydrolysis Using Potassium Hydroxide From Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Ash and Commercial Potassium Hydroxide
items: Innovation of Traditional Salt Pond by Enhancing Evaporation Rate using Coconut Coir Waste
items: Potential of Freshwater Microalgae in Biodegradation of Disposable Face Masks

Enhancing Coal Quality through Efficient Sulfur Removal: The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Desulfurization Process
type: item
description: Indonesia relies heavily on coal as a primary energy source; however, its high sulfur content reduces coal quality and contributes to sulfur dioxide emissions that pollute the environment. This study focuses on an experimental investigation limited to the reduction of sulfur content in coal using 3% H₂O₂, supported by relevant literature studies, to evaluate the effectiveness of H₂O₂ as an environmentally friendly oxidative agent in the coal desulfurization process aimed at improving coal quality and calorific value. The results indicate that 3% H₂O₂ is capable of removing both pyritic and organic sulfur with an efficiency of approximately 20–24% under optimal conditions (28–30°C and pH 3–5) without the use of transition metal catalysts. The process operates through the formation of active hydroxyl radicals that oxidize sulfur compounds without significantly damaging the primary carbon structure of the coal. Furthermore, the use of low-concentration H₂O₂ without metal catalysts or additional physical methods, such as microwave irradiation and ultraviolet radiation, has proven effective in reducing sulfur content through a gradual oxidative mechanism. The application of low-concentration H₂O₂ without catalysts represents an initial approach to evaluating the effectiveness of coal desulfurization and provides a promising foundation for the development of desulfurization technologies that are more cost-effective, easier to implement, and potentially suitable for broader industrial applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: low-rank coal
  topic: keywords
subject: quality
  topic: keywords
subject: coal upgrading
  topic: keywords
subject: desulfurization
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrogen peroxide
  topic: keywords
creator: Maulana Muhammad Ishaq
creator: Shofa Rijalul Haq
creator: Muhammad Faiz Shafiyurrahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 56
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v11i1.2199

Performance Comparison of Static and Rotating Bioreactor for Bacterial Cellulose Production from Tofu Wastewater
type: item
description: Tofu industry wastewater is a potential substrate for bacterial cellulose (BC) production due to its residual nutrient content. However, conventional static culture has limited oxygen transfer and substrate diffusion, resulting in low substrate utilization efficiency. This study presents a comparative evaluation of static and rotating bioreactor (RB) systems, with a primary focus on substrate utilization, bacterial growth, and BC yield. In addition, the effect of inoculum volume (10% and 30%) was investigated to assess its influence on process performance. The results demonstrate that the RB system significantly outperforms static culture, achieving 1.6 – 2 times higher substrate utilization and 53.3 - 61.3% higher BC yield on initial substrate. The highest BC product is 5 g dry mass BC/ L medium in the RB system. Furthermore, the RB system enhances substrate conversion toward bacterial growth, indicating improved metabolic efficiency under dynamic conditions. A lower inoculum volume, 10% inoculum with 1-10 million CFU/mL, resulted in better overall performance compared to 30% inoculum, suggesting that excessive inoculum does not improve process efficiency. These findings confirm that the rotating bioreactor is a more effective system for intensifying BC production, particularly in terms of substrate utilization, and highlight its potential for scalable and sustainable bioprocess applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: microbial cellulose
  topic: keywords
subject: waste-to-value
  topic: keywords
subject: Acetobacter
  topic: keywords
subject: whey tofu
  topic: keywords
subject: nata de soya
  topic: keywords
creator: Choerudin
creator: Dadi Arif Viliando
creator: Dyah Setyo Pertiwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-13
publication date: 2026-06-13
starting page: 80
ending page: 90
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v11i1.2362

Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Addition Method on Fenton Oxidation of Sugarcane Vinasse
type: item
description: Vinasse, a highly polluting byproduct generated during ethanol production, exhibited a very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 132,000 mg/L, making its treatment a critical environmental challenge. To reduce COD levels in vinasse, the Fenton process was employed in this study. The experiments were carried out for 1 hour in batches at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. The chemical reagents used for the reaction consisted of a 50% H₂O₂ solution and Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, with the key variable being the H₂O₂ addition method of direct addition (one-shot, 80 mL at t=0) and stepwise (gradually, 20 mL aliquots at t=0, 10, 20, 30 min). Samples were collected every 10 minutes for COD analysis. While both dosing methods demonstrated time-dependent COD removal, the stepwise addition proved to be significantly more efficient, achieving a maximum measured removal of 57.39% compared to 39.12% for the direct H2O2 addition method. Furthermore, biphasic kinetic modeling showed that the direct addition of H₂O₂ exhibited a rapid initial oxidation phase (k1=0.0925 min⁻¹) followed by a slower and almost stagnant phase (k2=0.0005 min⁻¹). In contrast, the stepwise addition resulted in a lower but more sustained degradation rate (k1=0.0246 min⁻¹; k2≈0 min⁻¹), indicating a more uniform oxidation behavior under stepwise oxidant loading.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: vinasse
  topic: keywords
subject: Fenton
  topic: keywords
subject: COD removal
  topic: keywords
subject: H2O2 addition method
  topic: keywords
creator: Nindia Noor Indah
creator: Riezky Gusti Fadhlillah
creator: Amani Salsabil Husodo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 57
ending page: 68
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v11i1.2317

Utilization of Carrot Peel as A Natural Dye Using the Maceration Extraction Method
type: item
description: Carrot peel (Daucus carota L.) is an underutilized by-product of carrot processing that is commonly discarded as household and agricultural waste, although it contains pigment-related bioactive compounds with potential application as natural colorants. This study focused on the extraction and evaluation of anthocyanin-containing pigment compounds from carrot peel using the maceration method and assessed their potential as natural dyes for textile substrates. Ethanol was selected as the extraction solvent due to its neutral character and ability to dissolve various plant pigment compounds without significantly altering the chemical stability of the extract. The maceration process was conducted using ethanol concentrations of 40% - 96%. The quality of the extract was evaluated based on absorbance, pH, yield, measured anthocyanin content, and dyeing performance on satin and calico fabrics. The results indicated that ethanol concentration influenced extract quality. Among all variations tested, the extract obtained using 96% ethanol exhibited the most favorable properties, with the highest absorbance value of 0.41075, the highest measured anthocyanin content of 61.73 mg/L, and a pH of 5.02. These results indicate that 96% ethanol produced a more concentrated pigment extract with strong color intensity and suitable acidity for natural dye applications. The dyeing tests conducted on satin and calico fabrics showed that the extract prepared with 96% ethanol produced the most visually appealing color results and received the highest preference scores from respondents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carrot peel extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural dye
  topic: keywords
subject: Maceration method
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethanol concentration
  topic: keywords
subject: Textile coloration
  topic: keywords
subject: Antocyanin
  topic: keywords
creator: Indah Purnamasari
creator: Hilwatullisan
creator: Kaisar Khadafi
creator: Dian Purnami Handayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 31
ending page: 43
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v11i1.2273

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Transesterification
type: item
description: The global energy crisis and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves have intensified the demand for sustainable alternative energy sources. Biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil represents a promising renewable energy source that also promotes the utilization of waste materials without competing with food resources. This study investigates the intensification of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil through hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted transesterification. Unlike conventional transesterification systems, hydrodynamic cavitation enhances interfacial mass transfer, micro-mixing efficiency, and local shear intensity, thereby accelerating triglyceride conversion into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The effects of NaOH catalyst concentration (1% and 1.5% w/w oil) and cavitation cycle number (15, 23, 30, 38, and 45 cycles) on biodiesel yield and physicochemical properties were systematically evaluated. Biodiesel quality was assessed based on density and viscosity according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015). The results demonstrated that increasing cavitation intensity and catalyst concentration generally improved biodiesel quality and yield. Biodiesel produced using 1.5% NaOH exhibited more stable density and viscosity values across different cavitation cycles and consistently satisfied SNI requirements. The optimum condition was achieved at 1.5% NaOH and 45 cavitation cycles, resulting in a biodiesel yield of 85.72%. Compared to conventional mixing-based transesterification reported in previous studies, the hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted process demonstrated enhanced reaction efficiency through intensified turbulence generation and improved mass transfer characteristics. These findings confirm the promising potential of hydrodynamic cavitation as a process intensification technology for sustainable biodiesel production from low-quality feedstocks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biodiesel
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste cooking oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Hydrodynamic cavitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Transesterification
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizki Ulandari
creator: Martomo Setyawan
creator: Erna Astuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 17
ending page: 30
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v11i1.2243

Aspen Plus Simulation-based Thermodynamic Assessment of Multistage Coffee Oil Extraction from Arabica Spent Coffee Ground
type: item
description: The potential source of lipid material is spent coffee grounds (SCG). However, simultaneously, polar co-compounds (e.g., caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and cafestol) can be leached using ethanol-based processing, which must be separated in stages. The article is a thermodynamic study on an equilibrium-based multistage coffee-oil separation flowsheet with ethanol solvent (treated as 96 %(w/w) ethanol in this study) and a dry-basis definition of the feed. The flowsheet was adjusted to represent a sequential mixer-separator with solids proceeding stage-to-stage and fresh solvent contacts, with the first and second stages intended to demonstrate the leaching process, and the rest performed the purification process. Stagewise results indicate that cumulative elimination of the three monitored polar compounds is over 97% at Stage 3 and over 99.9% at Stage 4, and there is a plateau in the impurity removal; additionally, Stage 5 provides only slight further elimination. At the fifth level, oil recovery drops beyond the 69% (S/F 1:1, 40 C) to 58 (S/F 5:1, 60 °C), where an equilibrium-based trade-off between separation ability and lipid retention is shown. Varying binary interaction parameters (BIP) by 10% values resulted in slight alterations of recovery and never affected the qualitative stagewise inferences. Since this work is only done with the simulations of equilibrium, all the performance values are to be understood as the thermodynamic tendencies and the upper-bound signal; engineering design is to be suggested with an explicit experiment and with the separation/solvent-recovery studies on the laboratory level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: coffee oil extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: fatty acid
  topic: keywords
subject: oil yield
  topic: keywords
subject: process simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: spent coffee grounds
  topic: keywords
creator: Amani Salsabil Husodo
creator: Nur Ikhtiarini
creator: Yuyun Yuniati
creator: Moh. Ainul Fais
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 69
ending page: 79
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v11i1.2234

Application of the Box-Behnken Experimental Design to Optimize Coffee Ground Oil Extraction Using the Soxhlet Method
type: item
description: Coffee is a widely traded and consumed commodity worldwide. In 2023, Indonesia's coffee consumption reached 312,000 tons, placing it as the second-largest consumer in Asia. This high consumption generates approximately 48% of coffee grounds as waste, which still contains valuable compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, oils, minerals, and polyphenols, thus potentially being utilized in various applications. This study was conducted to optimize the Soxhlet extraction of oil from spent coffee grounds (SCGs), with the objective of maximizing yield while preserving oil quality. The investigated independent variables comprised the ethanol concentration in n-hexane (0, 50, and 100% v/v), extraction time (15, 30, and 45 min), and the solvent-to-solid (L/S) ratios (15:1, 20:1, and 25:1 mL/g), all systematically arranged using a Box–Behnken design (BBD). The study found that using ethanol – n-hexane mixtures at certain compositions significantly improved oil yield while reducing saponification value, acid value, and FFA content. Longer extraction times and higher L/S ratios also contributed to increasing yield and saponification value, while decreasing acid value and FFA up to an optimum point. The optimum condition was obtained at 17.89% v/v ethanol in n-hexane, 45 minutes of extraction, and a L/S ratio of 22.47 mL/g, resulting in a 25.34% yield with oil characteristics of 179.12 mg KOH/g saponification value, 4.30 mg KOH/g acid value, and 0.73% FFA. These findings demonstrate that Soxhlet extraction can produce SCG oil with favorable characteristics, although the saponification value was slightly lower (-0.49%) than the minimum limit set by SNI 7431:2015. Overall, SCG oil shows great potential as an alternative vegetable oil for use in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and renewable energy applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BBD
  topic: keywords
subject: extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: coffee grounds oil
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Soxhlet
  topic: keywords
creator: Misbahudin Alhanif
creator: Desi Riana Saputri
creator: Khofifah Anggitiya Ningrum
creator: Angeline Nauli
creator: Fauzi Yusupandi
creator: Yusuf Ma’rifat Fajar Azis
creator: Maulidah Az Zahra
creator: Hanif Fawaz Zaim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-28
publication date: 2026-05-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v11i1.2168

Effectiveness of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Low Carbon Steel in Seawater
type: item
description: Corrosion remains a critical challenge across various industrial sectors due to its substantial economic, environmental, and safety implications. Low carbon steel, despite its favorable mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness, is highly susceptible to corrosion, particularly in chloride-rich environments such as seawater. In recent years, the use of natural-based corrosion inhibitors has gained increasing attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals. This study investigates the effectiveness of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract, which contains active compounds such as tannins and polyphenols, as a corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in a seawater medium. The weight loss method was employed to determine corrosion rates, with inhibitor concentrations ranging from 7% to 11% over an immersion period of 288 hours. The results demonstrate that a concentration of 10% produced the most significant inhibitory effect, reducing the corrosion rate to 0.00011 mils per year and achieving a maximum inhibition efficiency of 73.17%. Other concentrations yielded efficiencies between 56.09% and 60.97%. These findings indicate that guava leaf extract has considerable potential as an effective and sustainable bioinhibitor capable of reducing corrosion in low carbon steel under harsh marine conditions. Overall, this study contributes to the development of green corrosion mitigation strategies and highlights the viability of natural plant extracts as promising alternatives to conventional synthetic inhibitors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Corrosion
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioinhibitor
  topic: keywords
subject: Guava Leaf Extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Low Carbon Steel
  topic: keywords
subject: Seawater
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahmayanti
creator: Irsyad
creator: Muh. Azis Albar J
creator: Saifullah S Thahah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 60
ending page: 67
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i2.2166

Study of The Effect of Leaching Time of Manganese Ore from Pujananting District, Barru Regency Using The Hydrometallurgical Method
type: item
description: In the mining industry, increasing the content of valuable minerals in the ore levels needs to be done to add economic value. One of the methods to increase copper ore levels is leaching using a sulfuric acid solution. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of leaching time variations on manganese gain. Lysis was carried out using a sulfuric acid solution of 30 ml per leach, a sample weight of 20 gr for each leach, a grain size of -150 mesh, a stirring speed of 200 rpm with variations in leaching time of 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes. The filtrate results from the leachate were then analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of this study obtained the dissolved Mn at a 90-minute runtime of 14.4045902%, at a 120-minute runtime of 14.4221077%, at a 150-minute runoff time of 14.4173441% and at a 180-minute runoff time of 14.4244638%. Based on the results of the study, the optimal time was obtained the highest dissolved Mn is at 180 minutes of leaching.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Manganese ore
  topic: keywords
subject: Leaching time
  topic: keywords
subject: sulfuric acid
  topic: keywords
subject: molasses
  topic: keywords
subject: Mn recovery
  topic: keywords
creator: Sitti Ratmi Nurhawaisyah
creator: Muhammad Fajrul
creator: Muhammad Idris Juradi
creator: Mubdiana Arifin
creator: Suriyanto Bakri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 51
ending page: 59
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i2.1584

Scale-up of Astaxanthin Production from Haematococcus pluvialis
type: item
description: Astaxanthin is a valuable ketocarotenoid with exceptionally strong antioxidant activity, widely applied in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, aquaculture, and food industries. Among natural sources, Haematococcus pluvialis is regarded as the most efficient producer due to its ability to accumulate high levels of Astaxanthin under stress conditions. This study aims to scale up Astaxanthin production from laboratory to industrial scale to achieve 10 kg of purified product. The process design consisted of six main stages: cultivation, harvesting, pretreatment, extraction, purification, and recovery. Laboratory data were integrated with literature references to construct a reliable industrial-scale model. This research adopts a hybrid approach, in which laboratory experimental data for extraction and purification are integrated with literature-based modelling to construct a reliable industrial-scale process design. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed, yielding a recovery rate of 57.42%, while purification via column chromatography achieved an efficiency of 85.95%. Mass and energy balances indicated that approximately 405.32 kg of dried microalgae, equivalent to 1,945.35 kg of wet biomass, are required to obtain 10 kg of Astaxanthin. The scale-up process revealed that cultivation, harvesting, and solvent recovery are the most energy-intensive stages, suggesting the need for optimisation of operating conditions and recycling strategies. Despite these challenges, the results demonstrate the technical feasibility of large-scale Astaxanthin production and provide essential data for process design, cost estimation, and sustainability assessment. Overall, this research contributes to bridging laboratory findings with industrial applications and supports future commercialisation of Astaxanthin to meet increasing global demand for high-value natural antioxidants
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Astaxanthin
  topic: keywords
subject: Haematococcus pluvialis
  topic: keywords
subject: scale-up
  topic: keywords
subject: Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Column chromatography
  topic: keywords
creator: Putri Restu Dewati
creator: Retno Ringgani
creator: Susanti Rina Nugraheni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 68
ending page: 79
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i1.2160

Simultaneous Optimization of Oil and Resin Extraction from Nyamplung Seeds
type: item
description: Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is a plant with great potential as a fuel source that can be developed in Indonesia. Nyamplung seeds contain 60-75% oil and 10-30% resin. This study aims to optimise the extraction process of oil and resin from nyamplung seeds using hexane and methanol solvents under various operating conditions and to determine the optimal extraction conditions. In this process, extraction will be carried out using two types of solvents (hexane-methanol) with several operational variations, namely: (1) extraction temperature (35-45°C); (2) extraction time (4-6 hours); (3) stirring speed (200-600 rpm). The extraction process of oil and resin from nyamplung seeds was optimised using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The oil and resin obtained were then characterised through several analyses. The analyses for oil included yield, acid number, density, and viscosity, while the analyses for resin included yield and acid number. Based on the research results, simultaneous optimisation of the extraction process conditions for oil and resin from nyamplung seeds using a mixture of hexane and methanol solvents yielded an oil yield of 52.43% and a resin yield of 9.56% at a temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 5 hours, and stirring speed of 500 rpm. Optimisation aimed at maximising oil yield resulted in a yield of 55.33% at a temperature of 45°C, extraction time of 6 hours, and stirring speed of 600 rpm. Resin yield was obtained at 10.91% at a temperature of 36.35°C, extraction time of 4 hours, and stirring speed of 591.78 rpm. The quality of the optimised oil simultaneously includes an acid number of 10.51 mgKOH/g, density of 0.94 g/ml, and viscosity of 4.47 cP, while the resin has an acid number of 142.79 mgKOH/g
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Calophyllum
  topic: keywords
subject: oil
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: resin
  topic: keywords
subject: response surface methodolgy
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Moh. Nur
creator: Hairul Huda
creator: Asmawati Tri Andayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 80
ending page: 93
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i2.1837

Effect of Sulfur Content in Wetar Pyrite Waste on the Formation Process of Sulfuric Acid Products at AIM Project Morowali
type: item
description: Pyrite ore is a sulfide mineral commonly found in mining operations, and has the potential to be converted into valuable chemical products. The substantial quantity of high-quality pyrite ore waste generated by the Wetar Copper Mine is non-reusable, potentially causing environmental issues upon exposure to air. To mitigate potential environmental contamination at the Wetar Copper Mine, the AIM Project was initiated to process high-quality pyrite ore waste into sulfuric acid. This study aims to determine the effect of sulfur content, measured as a percentage of sulfur recovery, on the conversion of SO2 gas to SO3. Concentrate and calcine samples with particle size variations of 100, 120, 160 and 200 mesh were analyzed on a Carbon Sulfur Analyzer (CSA) with combustion temperature variations of 1100, 1150, 1200 and 1250˚C to determine sulfur content as a reference for the potential amount of SO2 to SO3 conversion in sulfuric acid formation. The results showed that the conversion of SO₂ gas to SO₃ increased with increasing particle size, with a particle size of 200 mesh yielding an optimum sulfur gas conversion percentage of 4.12%. At the same conditions, a maximum sulfur recovery rate of 96.66% was obtained from an average particle size of 200 mesh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AIM Project
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon Sulfur Analyzer
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyrite Ore
  topic: keywords
subject: Sulfuric Acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Sulfur Recovery
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizky Wira Yulian Putra
creator: Totok Eka Suharto
creator: Erna Astuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 22
ending page: 29
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i1.1795

Economic Evaluation of Potassium Carbonate Production to Support Fertilizer Production in Indonesia
type: item
description: Potassium carbonate is one of the chemicals that is widely used in the glass and fertilizer industries. Potassium carbonate was also used as a catalyst, a carbon capture, and a chemical activation agent. This study will examine the preliminary design and economic evaluation of a potassium carbonate plant using potassium hydroxide and carbon dioxide as raw materials to support the fertilizer industry in Indonesia. Banten Province was chosen as the location of the potassium carbonate plant considering its proximity to raw materials, ease of transportation and utilities, and proximity to the marketing target, which is the fertilizer factory. The hydroxide method was chosen as the process technology used in potassium carbonate production because of its simpler process and high conversion. The production of potassium carbonate using potassium hydroxide and carbon dioxide as raw materials was carried out using a bubble reactor at 100 oC and 0.43 atm. The results of the economic evaluation from Total Capital Investment (TCI) and Total Production Cost (TPC) calculation showed 41.10% Return on Investment (ROI), 1.87 years Payback Period (PBP), US$15,561,960, Net Present Value (NPV), and 42.58% Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The sensitivity analysis of the price parameters of potassium carbonate products at a deviation of 10% showed the largest NPV value of US$26,277,395 with a PBP of 1.27 years.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: economic evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: potassium carbonate
  topic: keywords
subject: plant design
  topic: keywords
creator: Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan
creator: Fikri Rahmatul Ikhlas
creator: Aziz Fatchurohman
creator: Deviany Deviany
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 94
ending page: 103
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i2.1776

The Effect of Temperature and Storage Time on the Quality of Frozen Food Nuggets
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of storage temperature on the quality of nuggets (frozen food) and the effect of storage time on their quality.The test results showed that the Total Plate Count at room temperature (28ºC-30ºC) on day 1 did not meet the standard. Similarly, at refrigerator temperature (10ºC), the values on days 12 and 16 did not meet the standard. Meanwhile, at freezer temperature (-16ºC), all samples met the standard of <105 cfu/g. For the Yeast and Mold test, the results did not meet the standard at room temperature (28ºC-30ºC) on day 1 and at refrigerator temperature (10ºC) on days 12 and 16. However, at freezer temperature, the nugget samples met the standard requirement of a maximum of 1 × 10⁴ cfu/g.The E. coli test results for all storage conditions (room temperature, refrigerator, and freezer) met the requirement of <3 cfu/g. For the Coliform test, the sample stored at room temperature on day 1 did not meet the requirement, whereas samples stored at refrigerator and freezer temperatures met the standard of 10 cfu/g. In the Proximate Analysis, nuggets stored at room temperature had a moisture content of 51.66%, protein content of 9.62%, and fat content of 10.05%. Meanwhile, those stored at freezer temperature had a moisture content of 61.48%, protein content of 10.23%, and fat content of 10.36%. However, some proximate components, such as moisture and fat content, increased during storage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nugget
  topic: keywords
subject: Chicken
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: Storage
  topic: keywords
subject: Microbiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Lastri Wiyani
creator: Gusnawati
creator: Muhammad Fauzan
creator: Nur Annisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 40
ending page: 50
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i1.1656

Bioplastics from Avocado Seed Starch : Effects of Chitosan and PVA on Mechanical Properties, Water Resistance, and Biodegradability
type: item
description: A sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, bioplastics produced from avocado seed starch can help alleviate some of the environmental challenges presented by plastic waste. However, these products still need to improve their mechanical properties and water resistance for industrial use. The purpose of this study is to find out how changes in the amounts of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) affect the mechanical strength, water resistance, and biodegradability of bioplastics made from avocado seed starch. The solution-casting method prepared starch-based bioplastics using chitosan (2.5–4.5 g), PVA (2.5–5%) as filler, and glycerol as a plasticizer. This study found that adding more chitosan increased the tensile strength, reaching a maximum value of 30.696±0.106 N/mm2 in the SNI 7188.7:2016, which was higher than the tensile strength value of the N3 sample. The samples N1 and M1 demonstrated the highest elongation at break of 35.700±4.776% and the lowest water uptake of 5.167%, indicating a 94.833% water resistance. The plastics underwent complete biodegradation under soil conditions after 60 days. This led to valuable results, confirming that avocado seed starch-based bioplastics, as engineering materials for food packaging, have enormous potential for application in the industry. This research needs to increase the water resistance or scale it up for industrial production
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: avocado seed starch
  topic: keywords
subject: bioplastics
  topic: keywords
subject: chitosan
  topic: keywords
subject: ployvinyl alcohol (PVA)
  topic: keywords
subject: mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamad Nur Wahyudi
creator: Adelia Hartanti
creator: Dessy Agustina Sari
creator: Muhammad Fahmi Hakim
creator: Alfieta Rohmaful Aeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 30
ending page: 39
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i1.1641

Evaluation of Electrocoagulation Process Efficiency in Laboratory Wastewater Treatment with Various Current Densities
type: item
description: Laboratory wastewater contains harmful compounds such as COD, TSS, heavy metals, and toxic compounds that require treatment before being discharged into the environment. Laboratory wastewater contains various hazardous pollutants that can pollute the environment if not managed properly. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation process in the treatment of laboratory wastewater of the Chemical Engineering Study Program of PGRI University Palembang with variations in current density and reaction time. The experimental method was used by designing an electrocoagulation reactor using aluminum electrodes. The independent variables tested include current density (76.92 A/m², 87.17 A/m², and 102.56 A/m²) and reaction time of 15, 30, 60 minutes. Parameters analyzed included COD, TSS, TDS, pH, electrode consumption, and energy consumption. The results showed that the electrocoagulation process effectively reduced pollutant parameters; at a current density of 102.56 A/m² for 60 minutes, COD decreased to 63.5 mg/L, TSS to 23.52 mg/L, pH increased to 8, and turbidity reduced to 20.48 NTU. The specific energy consumption reached 18.2 kWh/m³ with an operational cost of Rp27,300/m³. Based on the analysis, the optimal current density for laboratory wastewater treatment is 102.56 A/m² with a reaction time of 60 minutes. Electrocoagulation technology is recommended as an efficient, effective, and environmentally friendly treatment method for laboratory wastewater in higher education institutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electrocoagulation
  topic: keywords
subject: laboratory wastewater
  topic: keywords
subject: current density
  topic: keywords
subject: COD
  topic: keywords
subject: TSS
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhrinsyah Fatimura
creator: Tuty Emilia Agustina
creator: Ian Kurniawan
creator: Rully Masriatini
creator: Nurlela
creator: Reno Fitriyanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i1.1533

Analysis of the Influence of Center tube on Cyclone Preheater Efficiency in Production Units in the Cement Industry
type: item
description: Cyclone Suspension preheater is an important part of the kiln unit which aims to separate materials and hot gases. The Suspension preheater consists of two strings, namely strings A and B and consists of 4 stages with stage 4 and stage 3 of string B not having a center tube. The efficiency calculation is carried out to determine the ability of the cyclone to separate material and gas and compare the efficiency of the cyclone which has a center tube with a cyclone without a center tube. The efficiency calculation is calculated using the Bohnet calculation. The efficiency calculation was obtained at stage 1 string A of 92.15%, stage 1 string B of 92.16%, stage 2 string A of 87.71%, stage 2 string B of 87.627%, stage 3 string A of 81.987%, stage 3 string B of 78.008%, stage 4 string A of 72.877%, and stage 4 string B of 73.459%. There was a decrease of 4% from stage 3 string A to stage 3 string B. A reduction in efficiency was observed in cyclones without a center tube. The gas flow in the cyclone is more regular with the presence of a center tube and has a longer residency time compared to a cyclone without a center tube. Acyclone without a center tube has a chaotic flow and turbulence can increase so that the separation between particles and gas is inefficient. The presence of a center tube effectively improves both separation efficiency and gas flow stability in the cyclone.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Efisiensi Cyclone
  topic: keywords
subject: cyclone
  topic: keywords
subject: center tube
  topic: keywords
subject: efisiensi pemisahan
  topic: keywords
subject: cut off diameter
  topic: keywords
subject: gas flow
  topic: keywords
creator: Prahady Susmanto
creator: Viola Yuliantika
creator: Sryatin Arya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 21
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v10i1.1586

The The Effect of Seawater Use and Solution Composition on the Quality of Blackening Results
type: item
description: The study of the use of seawater and the composition of blackening solutions on the quality of blackening results is essential in increasing the efficiency of raw materials and finding an adequate formulation in the blackening process. Blackening is a black oxide coating process that aims to increase metal resistance to corrosion and wear. This study uses seawater as a solvent with blackening solution raw materials consisting of NaOH and oxidizers with varying compositions. The parameters for testing the quality of blackening results include color testing using the visual matching method, image color picker application, and corrosion resistance testing using the weight loss method. The study results showed that seawater can be used as a solvent in making blackening solutions by providing a somewhat contrasting black color and slower corrosion rate compared to solutions without seawater. NaOH with a percentage of 50%, 70%, and 80% in the corrosion test showed an increase in corrosion resistance of 10%, 30%, and 40%, respectively, after immersion for 30 minutes at a temperature of 150°C. The resulting blackening process not only provides aesthetic value through black coating but also increases protection against material surface degradation. This research is expected to provide an alternative formulation of a blackening solution that is more environmentally friendly and economically efficient, mainly by utilizing seawater as a solvent. In addition, these results are expected to be the basis for further development in blackening applications on various materials for industrial needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blackening
  topic: keywords
subject: Sea Water
  topic: keywords
subject: Solution Composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Color Testing
  topic: keywords
subject: Corrosion Testing
  topic: keywords
creator: Dewi Purnama Sari
creator: Khazainnur Razzaq
creator: Ris Muhammad Noval Ikhwan
creator: Rahmayanti
creator: Kamaludin
creator: Eriek Aristya Pradana Putra
creator: Tantra Diwa Larasati
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 247
ending page: 255
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1566

Linear Regression Analysis on Fluid Flow Rate in Tank Level Control
type: item
description: This research was conducted to study the effect of pump speed on changes in fluid levels in the tank and linear regression analysis of fluid flow. The variation used is a 4 mm solenoid and a variable pump speed range of 30-50%. The results of increasing the level at a pump speed of 32% obtained a level of 82 mm and a pump speed of 50% obtained a level of 149.9 mm, with fluid flow rotation occurring in the first minute. In addition, the determination calculation uses actual fluid level data at time 0 seconds (n=1), time 60.27 seconds (n=30), and time 180 seconds (n=61), with a fluid level value of 1 mm, 118 mm, and 141 mm. So the determination evaluation (R2) obtained is 0.863, which indicates that the model is included in the high tolerance category. So this indicates that the PID controller in this series of piping system equipment is still suitable for use because in the recording of the fluid flow data obtained no significant gaps were found. Apart from that, it can also be seen that the pump speed affects the fluid flow rate due to the change in mechanical energy into kinetic energy which pushes the fluid towards the tank. Process time also influences changes in fluid levels in the tank as a result.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fuid flow
  topic: keywords
subject: Linear regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Level control
  topic: keywords
subject: Tank
  topic: keywords
creator: Puji Rahayu
creator: Ronald Sukwadi
creator: Agung Kurnia Yahya
creator: Enny Nurmalasari
creator: Apsari Puspita Aini
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 231
ending page: 238
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1555

Water Level and NPK Test of Bokashi Compost Fertilizer Results of Industrial Waste Processing Practical Work at the Mineral and Environmental Testing Laboratory
type: item
description: Compost is one of the products resulting from the Industrial Waste Processing practicum in the form of solid waste. This compost goes through a composting process and becomes one of the organic fertilizers containing macro and micronutrients. Compost is produced through the biological decomposition process of organic material, which is controlled and results in humus. Moisture content is one of the key factors in the composting process, and it is essential for determining the maturity and quality of compost. Moisture content refers to the amount of water in a material or object, such as soil (also known as soil moisture), agricultural materials and products, rocks, etc. Additionally, compost fertilizer contains nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and other elements. Based on testing, the sample rice husk: TSP 3:2:2 moisture content was 40.74%, and for another rice hull: TSP 3:2:2 sample, it was 43.14%. rice hull: TSP 3:2:2 had 0.74% for nitrogen content testing, and the second sample had 0.76%. Phosphorus content testing for rice husk: TSP 3:2:2 was 0.28%, while the second sample had 0.18%. rice husk: TSP 3:2:2 had 0.53% for potassium content testing, and the second sample had 0.509%. From these test results, it can be concluded that both samples meet the standards of SNI 19-7030-2004 for compost specifications from domestic organic waste. This research is expected to provide information on the quality of the bokashi fertilizer and be a reference in developing more optimal waste processing methods.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compost
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Content
  topic: keywords
subject: Nitrogen
  topic: keywords
subject: Phosphorus
  topic: keywords
subject: Potassium
  topic: keywords
creator: Fitri Junianti
creator: Katrina Yanti Tumanan
creator: Andi Ariatmasanti Aksan
creator: Zaidatul Mabruroh
creator: Iksan Adiasa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 239
ending page: 246
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1536

Bias Testing of Mechanical Sampling System Based on Total Moisture and Ash Analysis
type: item
description: As one of the energy sources utilized in various industries, coal quality is determined by its maceral composition, mineral matter, and coalification rank. Generally, coal quality can be assessed through proximate and ultimate analyses conducted in laboratories. Coal samples can be collected from various locations, such as moving streams or stationary setups, using either manual or mechanical systems. In this study, a bias test was conducted on a mechanical sampling system. Bias is detected as the difference between test results and accepted reference values. The acceptability of reference values is established through simultaneous coal sampling using both the reference method and the system under testing. Bias testing is required for new installations, system relocations, system upgrades or modifications, and system maintenance. The procedure involves several stages, including pre-bias inspection, bias inspection, sample analysis, statistical analysis, and data interpretation. A total of 30 paired samples were analyzed, with the parameters measured being total moisture and ash content. These parameters were mathematically processed to calculate the Hotelling’s T² value, which was then compared to the T0² value to determine the presence or absence of bias. The results of the study indicated that the T² value was 4.425, while the T0² value for n = 30 and p = 2 was 6.885. This demonstrates that no bias was detected in the mechanical sampling system, as T² < T0².
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ash
  topic: keywords
subject: Bias
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical sampling system
  topic: keywords
subject: Reference value
  topic: keywords
subject: Total moisture
  topic: keywords
creator: A Muhammad Nur Ichsan
creator: Alfian Irviansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 202
ending page: 210
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1489

Optimisation of Biodegradable Plastic from Cassava Peel Starch with Additional Materials of Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose
type: item
description: The use of plastic in large quantities causes environmental pollution because it is not easily decomposed. One way to overcome this is to make bioplastics from natural materials that are easily decomposed such as cassava peel starch. However, the use of starch in making bioplastics still has low mechanical properties. Therefore, cellulose is added as an additive to improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics. This study investigated the potential of cassava peel starch modified with bagasse cellulose as a base material for bioplastics. The aim is to improve the mechanical performance and biodegradability of bioplastics to reduce the environmental impact of conventional plastics. The resulting bioplastics were evaluated based on water absorption, biodegradability, tensile strength, elongation, and elastic modulus tests. Variations in cellulose content showed a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastics. The addition of 18% cellulose provided the best water resistance, while 3% cellulose content resulted in the highest biodegradability. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved at 9% cellulose addition, with a tensile strength of 10.48 N/mm², elongation of 7.92%, and elastic modulus of 3.43 N/mm². However, these results are still below the standards for environmentally friendly plastics based on SNI 7188.7:2016 and SNI 7818:2014, which set higher parameters for water resistance, tensile strength, and elasticity. This bioplastic has the main advantage of being easily biodegradable, making it a potential alternative for certain applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bagasse
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodegradability
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioplastic
  topic: keywords
subject: Cassava peel
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
creator: Herlina Rahim
creator: Raehana Ramadhani Masda
creator: Syardah Ugra Al Adawiyah
creator: Mega Fia Lestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 220
ending page: 230
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1488

Analysis of the Effect of Adding Jatropha Seed Shell on the Physical and Thermal Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composites
type: item
description: The increasing volume of plastic waste, particularly polypropylene (PP), poses a significant environmental challenge. Recycling is a crucial solution but often leads to degradation of PP's mechanical and thermal properties of PP. This study aims to enhance recycled PP quality by adding a natural filler in the form of Jatropha Seed Shell (JSS). JSS is a potential filler due to its good mechanical and thermal properties, low density, and recyclability. The research was conducted in two parts: first, without alkalization treatment, using recycled PP with varying JSS additions at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The Melt Flow Rate (MFR) test without JSS showed an average value of 20.620 g/10 minutes, decreasing to 15.380 g/10 minutes at 20% JSS. JSS addition also increased crystallinity from 30.92% to 36.14% and melting temperature from 163.9°C to 166.4°C with 20% JSS. The second part, with alkalization treatment using a 20% NaOH solution, aimed to improve JSS compatibility with the PP matrix. The results showed that alkalization treatment improved the distribution of the filler within the matrix, leading to enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. The MFR value decreased more significantly in this treatment compared to without alkalization, with the lowest value at 14.55 g/10 minutes in the composite with 20% JSS. The degree of crystallinity increased to 33.9% with 15% JSS addition, while the melting temperature remained stable.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alkalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Degree of Crystallinity
  topic: keywords
subject: Jatropha Seed Shell
  topic: keywords
subject: MFR
  topic: keywords
subject: Recycled Polypropylene
  topic: keywords
creator: Via Siti Masluhah
creator: Enjelika Br Sembiring
creator: Chinta Radjeli Putri Nasution
creator: Reviana Inda Dwi Suyatmo
creator: Teguh Budi Santoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 183
ending page: 192
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1487

Optimization of Polypropylene-Based Polymer Composites Fabrication Using Manual Forming for Automotive and Energy Applications
type: item
description: Polypropylene (PP)-based polymer composites are widely used in the automotive and energy industries due to their lightweight, strong, and corrosion-resistant properties. This study aims to optimize the fabrication process of polymer composites using the manual forming method, focusing on the effect of pressure and heating time on the material's mechanical properties. The materials used include polypropylene as the matrix and glass fibers as reinforcement. The process parameters varied include pressure (150–200 kgf/cm²) and heating time (10–20 minutes). Mechanical tests were conducted using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) for tensile testing and an Izod Impact Tester for impact testing, following ASTM D638 and ASTM D256 standards. The results show that optimal pressure and heating time produced specimens with an average tensile strength of 35.3 MPa and impact energy absorption of 0.45 Joules. Although close to industry standards, uneven pressure distribution and air voids affected material homogeneity. In conclusion, the manual forming method can improve the quality of polymer composites for industrial applications, but further process parameter optimization is required to enhance material consistency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Impact test
  topic: keywords
subject: Manual forming
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymer composite
  topic: keywords
subject: Polypropylene
  topic: keywords
subject: Tensile test
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Fadhillah Ansyari
creator: Yovi Utami
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 211
ending page: 219
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1453

The Influence of Carbonization Temperature Variations on the Quality of Durian Peel-Based Bio-briquettes
type: item
description: The increasing global energy demand and environmental concerns necessitate the development of alternative energy sources. Durian peel, an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, presents significant potential for bio-briquette production due to its high cellulose and lignin content. This study investigates the effect of carbonization temperature on the quality of durian peel-based bio-briquettes. Carbonization was conducted at 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C, with proximate analysis and calorific value determination performed according to SNI 01-6235-2000 standards. The results demonstrate that higher carbonization temperatures reduce moisture and volatile matter while increasing fixed carbon and calorific value. At 500°C, the bio-briquettes exhibited optimal properties, including moisture content (7.47%), volatile matter (13.54%), and a calorific value exceeding 5000 cal/g, meeting the SNI standard. However, ash content at this temperature (9.33%) slightly exceeded the standard (≤8%), highlighting a trade-off between energy efficiency and residual minerals. This study concludes that 500°C is the optimal carbonization temperature for producing high-quality bio-briquettes from durian peel, balancing energy output and combustion efficiency. Further optimization of the process is recommended to enhance fixed carbon content and minimize ash. These findings contribute to sustainable energy practices by transforming agricultural waste into a renewable energy resource, addressing both waste management and energy challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Durian Peel
  topic: keywords
subject: Biobriquettes
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbonization
  topic: keywords
subject: Calorific Value
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Energy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dennis Nury
creator: Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi
creator: Andri Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 193
ending page: 210
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1486

Analysis of Chemical Parameters of Performance of Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera) as Coagulant in Waste Water Treatment
type: item
description: Household liquid waste, which is rich in organic matter such as detergents and food waste, is one of the main causes of water and soil pollution. Household waste contains organic substances that pollute water and soil. Moringa seeds, as a natural coagulant, effectively bind suspended particles in water to be clean and safe for the environment. Moringa seeds, with their high protein content, act as a natural coagulant that is effective in settling pollutants in water. In addition, moringa seeds are rich in polar groups which have been proven to be effective as natural coagulants in lowering pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in liquid waste. This study aims to analyze the chemical parameters of the influence of moringa seeds on pH changes, decrease in BOD and COD levels in household liquid waste. In this study, liquid waste samples obtained from households around Banta Bantaeng, Rappocini Village, Makassar City were used. The chemical parameters analyzed include pH, BOD, and COD. The research was conducted using the jar test method to measure parameter changes before and after the coagulation process. The concentration of moringa seed coagulant was optimal at a concentration of 2–15 gr/L with a decrease in BOD of 95% and COD of 86%. The results of the study show that moringa seeds are effective in reducing the level of organic matter in household liquid waste. With its effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature, moringa seeds can be a sustainable alternative solution for household liquid waste treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Moringa oleifera
  topic: keywords
subject: Adsorben
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemical Parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste Water
  topic: keywords
creator: Sinardi Sinardi
creator: ST. Ica HT
creator: A. Sry Iryani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 175
ending page: 182
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i2.1273

Optimizing Post-Harvest Preservation of Shallots (Allium Aascalonicum L) through the Application of Co-60 Gamma Ray Irradiation Technology
type: item
description: Shallots are an important food commodity for the needs of various Indonesian cuisines and other uses that are widely utilized. However, currently shallot farmers complain about post-harvest shallots that are easily damaged such as rotting, wrinkling, porous, root growth and fungal growth. To reduce this damage, preservation is needed. One alternative technology is Co-60 Gamma Ray Irradiation based on the principle of electromagnetic radiation that produces high-energy photons that cause ionization and excitation in the material it passes through. The nature of Gamma rays used in the preservation process has great penetrating power and does not cause temperature changes in the irradiated food. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Co-60 gamma ray irradiation on the optimization of the shelf life of post-harvest preservation of shallots with variations in control doses: low, medium and high, variations in temperature and quality parameters. The method of this research stage is: 1) Sample preparation. 2) Gamma Ray Irradiation of Co-60 with variation of control dose: low, medium and high 3) Analysis of temperature measurement and measurement of quality parameters (water content, weight loss, damage and hardness) against the irradiation dose. The results showed that gamma ray irradiation of Co-60 affected the length of shoots based on variation of dose and temperature, namely on day 1 and day 14 the combination of 650Gy treatment at 350C had the smallest shoot length, water content was relatively high, weight loss was relatively small, damage was relatively small and hardness was relatively high.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Shallots
  topic: keywords
subject: Preservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Irradiation
  topic: keywords
subject: Co-60 gamma rays
  topic: keywords
subject: Post harvest
  topic: keywords
creator: Arianto Passalli Sarjono
creator: Alfiah Indriastuti
creator: Hijrah Amaliah Azis
creator: Nurfika Ramdani
creator: Mariaulfa Mustam
creator: Ida Ifdaliah Amin
creator: Nurhikmah Wahab
creator: Daniel Bangun
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 133
ending page: 145
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i2.1238

Comparison of Paper Waste Hydrolysis Using Potassium Hydroxide From Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Ash and Commercial Potassium Hydroxide
type: item
description: Paper waste is one type of waste that is quite abundant. Effective processing of paper waste can be done using hydrolysis process because this process can decompose lignocellulose compounds in paper waste into simpler compound such as glucose and other derivative products. Hydrolysis process was generally carried out using chemical catalysts such as acids, bases and enzymes. In this study, paper waste hydrolysis was investigated using base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) from palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFB) ash and commercial KOH. The research stages began with the preparation of POEFB ash, KOH production from POEFB ash, paper waste preparation, and the hydrolysis process of paper waste using KOH from POEFB ash and commercial KOH. This study uses variations in hydrolysis time were carried out to evaluate the hydrolysis conversion. Based on the research, it was showed that KOH catalyst from POEFB ash contain potassium compounds in the form of 5.87% potassium oxide (K2O) and 31.45% potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Comparison of catalyst performance between KOH catalyst from POEFB ash and commercial KOH catalyst showed that commercial KOH catalyst was better than KOH catalyst from POEFB ash. The effect of hydrolysis reaction time was directly proportional to the conversion value that the highest conversion was 12.11% at 90 minutes using commercial KOH catalyst.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hydrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Potassium Hydroxide
  topic: keywords
subject: Paper Waste
  topic: keywords
creator: Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan
creator: Annisa Zahara Riziq
creator: Syalsa Fadhila
creator: Andri Sanjaya
creator: Misbahudin Alhanif
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 167
ending page: 174
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i2.1225

Innovation of Traditional Salt Pond by Enhancing Evaporation Rate using Coconut Coir Waste
type: item
description: National salt production capacity is dominated by smallholder salt production through the crystallization process in traditional salt ponds. One of the salt producing areas in South Sulawesi Province is located in Jeneponto Regency. Salt farmers in Jeneponto Regency produce salt through traditional salt ponds. Jeneponto Regency is also one of the main coconut producing areas. Coconut coir from the people's plantation industry is currently only used as fuel in small and medium home industries or is simply thrown away as waste. Coconut coir has the ability to absorb water. The aim of this research is to innovate the use of coconut coir waste to increase the surface area for water evaporation in traditional laboratory-scale salt ponds. This research was also carried out by conducting analysis on traditional ponds to study the factors that influence the salting process. Next, the salting process was carried out on a laboratory scale by making a replica of the traditional pond salting process which was equipped with the addition of coconut coir to increase the evaporation surface area. The results of the research show that the salting process in traditional salt ponds is greatly influenced by the season. The sun plays a very important role in the evaporation process in traditional salt ponds until salt crystals form in the ponds. Laboratory scale salt pond equipment shows that the use of coconut coir plays a very important role in speeding up the evaporation process and has the potential to increase salt production in traditional salt ponds.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Traditional Salt Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaporation Surface Area
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaporation Acceleration
  topic: keywords
subject: Coconut Coir
  topic: keywords
creator: Setyawati Yani
creator: Syamsuddin Yani
creator: Andi Artiningsih
creator: Rifani Rabiatul Adawiah
creator: Tarisa Ramadhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 146
ending page: 157
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i2.967

Potential of Freshwater Microalgae in Biodegradation of Disposable Face Masks
type: item
description: The use of disposable face masks can reduce the transmission of Covid-19 through saliva splashes from infected patients. However, the use of these masks causes waste generation that has the potential to release microplastic fibers into the environment. Biodegradation by freshwater microalgae can be a solution to handling disposable face mask waste. Microalgae were isolated from retention ponds in Institut Teknologi Sumatera using Walne fertilizer and pineapple liquid waste (LCN) as alternative growth media. Selected isolate was used to degrade three-ply mask pieces with Walne:LCN media ratios of 1:0,; 0:1, and 1:1 as well as Walne media without the addition of isolate as a control. Analysis of the masks degradation results was carried out using gravimetric and Fourier Transform Infraredmethods. Gravimetric analysis showed a decrease in mask mass after degradation for the control, 1:0, 0:1, 1:1 treatments, which were 0.0004grams, 0.0054grams, 0.0088grams and 0.0193grams, respectively. FTIR analysis showed new functional groups (O-H), increased C=C, and decreased C-H % transmittance of the masks after degradation. It can be concluded from the analysis that microalgae isolated from ITERA’s retention basin was able to degrade disposable masks, which is characterized by a decrease in mask mass and changes in % transmittance of C=C and C-H functional groups. The addition of LCN did not show a significant effect on mask degradation compared to variations without LCN, as evidenced by the FTIR results in the 1:1 variation where no alkene groups appeared and the alkyl group spectrum peaks were not much different from the control
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biodegradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Covid-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Pineapple liquid waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Disposable face masks
  topic: keywords
subject: Microalgae
  topic: keywords
creator: Deviany Deviany
creator: Gabriela Nainggolan
creator: Luluinaita Br Pelawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Chemical Process Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-30
publication date: 2024-11-30
starting page: 123
ending page: 132
doi: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i2.1002